RESUMO
In this study, we analyze the impact of 18 socioeconomic factors at individual, family, and locality levels to understand their influence on medicinal plant knowledge (MPK) in four provinces and 12 localities of the northern Andes of Peru. We interviewed 50 participants per locality (totaling 600 people) from lowlands and highlands ecoregions. The participants were balanced in terms of generations and gender. We performed multivariate statistical analyses-generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordinations-that showed the influence of each socioeconomic variable on the medicinal plant knowledge of people in the different sites. At the individual level, we found that most participants with higher MPK were women, elders, people with lower levels of education and job qualifications, non-migrants, and participants who have lived for a long period in the same region. At the family level, we found that participants living in low economic conditions with few material goods, including their means of transport, tools possession, access to technology, farm size, number of farm animals, and house quality, had higher MPK. At the locality level, we found that people living in more isolated areas with scarce regional services, such as access to paved roads, hospitals, big markets, tourist development, and chlorination of drinking water, had higher MPK. In short, people with less access to modern services and with low economic resources are the main depositaries of MPK. Policy makers and decision makers should consider the significance of MPK in alleviating health problems and diseases in Andean regions, especially for people with rural livelihoods. This local botanical knowledge of medicinal plants should be preserved in the area as a great natural heritage for humanity.
RESUMO
This contribution includes the registration of 70 fresh fruit species and their derivative products marketed in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Data on fruits and derived products were obtained from ethnobotanical fieldwork, where usual qualitative ethnobotanical methodologies were used: participant observation, free listings, open and semi-structured interviews. A bibliographic review was made on the biological activity and effects studied in order to evaluate their correspondence with the assigned local uses. The situation of invisibility/visibility of the treated species was analyzed, according to their circulation in the restricted commercial circuits (Chinese and Bolivian immigrants) and the general commercial circuit. Of the total of 70 recorded species, 62 are visible (89%) and 8 invisible (11%). These last, only found in the Barrio Chino. The registration of marketed fruits, together with their associated knowledge, represents a contribution to the study of local biocultural diversity.
Esta contribución incluye el registro de 70 especies de frutas frescas y sus productos derivados comercializadasen el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Los datos sobre las frutas y productos derivados se obtuvieron del trabajo de campo etnobotánico, en donde se emplearon metodologías etnobotánicas cualitativas habituales: observación participante, listados libres, entrevistas abiertas y semiestructuradas. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre la actividad biológica y efectos estudiados a fin de evaluar su correspondencia con los usos locales asignados. Se analizó la situación de invisibilidad/visibilidad de las especies tratadas, según su circulación en los circuitos comerciales restringidos (inmigrantes chinos y bolivianos) y el circuito comercial general. Del total de 70 especies registradas, 62 son visibles (89%) y 8 invisibles (11%). Estas últimas se encuentran solamente en el Barrio Chino. El registro de las frutas comercializadas, junto a sus saberes asociados representa un aporte al estudio de la diversidad biocultural local.
Assuntos
Humanos , Etnobotânica , Alimento Funcional , Frutas/classificação , Frutas/química , Argentina , Zonas Metropolitanas , ComércioRESUMO
This paper is the result of an experience of applied research that seeks to revalue local knowledge of management medicinal species in San Pedro Norte, Northwest Córdoba. It was proposed to rescue local knowledge about management and reproduction of the species; to reproduce the species with the educational community of Instituto Provincial de Educación Media 369 Anexo San Pedro Norte and workshops with the residents of San Pedro Norte. In addition 30 semi-structured interviews were made and 68 species were determined. Workshops and interviews enabled increase knowledge of the species, their uses and forms of cultivation and facilitated the exchange of knowledge among local people.
El presente trabajo es el resultado de una experiencia de investigación aplicada que busca revalorizar los conocimientos locales sobre el manejo de las especies medicinales en San Pedro Norte, Noroeste de Córdoba. Se propuso rescatar los saberes locales sobre el manejo y reproducción de las especies; reproducirlas con la comunidad educativa del Instituto Provincial de Educación Media 369, Anexo San Pedro Norte, y realizar talleres con los pobladores de la localidad. Se realizaron también 30 entrevistas semiestructuradas y se identificaron 68 especies botánicas. Los talleres y las entrevistas posibilitaron ampliar el conocimiento sobre las especies, sus usos y formas de cultivo, y facilitaron el intercambio de saberes entre los pobladores locales.
Assuntos
Humanos , Etnobotânica , Exploração de Recursos Naturais , Plantas Medicinais , Argentina , Entrevistas como AssuntoRESUMO
Esta contribución incluye el registro de 115 especies de plantas vasculares medicinales comercializadas como antidiabéticos en la conurbación Buenos Aires-La Plata, Argentina. La información sobre el uso local asignado como antidiabético se obtuvo de las entrevistas realizadas, datos de etiquetas, prospectos y catálogos impresos y electrónicos de los productos, y datos divulgados por los medios de comunicación, en especial Internet. Se realizó una revisión bibliografía sobre la actividad biológica y el efecto antidiabético estudiado para cada especie. Se analizó la situación de invisibidad/visibilidad de las especies tratadas, según su circulación en los circuitos comerciales restringidos (inmigrantes chinos y bolivianos) y el circuito comercial general. Del total de 115 especies antidiabéticas registradas, 90 son visibles (78,26 por ciento) y 25 invisibles (21,73 por ciento). El gran número de plantas antidiabéticas comercializadas aumenta las posibilidades de elección de la población para combatir una de las dolencias característica de la vida en las extensas áreas metropolitanas.
This contribution includes 115 medicinal vascular plants species marketed as antidiabetics in the Buenos Aires-La Plata conurbation, Argentina. Information on assigned local uses as antidiabetic was obtained from interviews, data labels, brochures and print and electronic catalogs,also, data reported by the media, especially the Internet. A literature review on biological activity and antidiabetic effect studied for each species was conducted. The invisibility/visibility situation of the treated species was analyzed according to their circulation in the restricted commercial circuit (Chinese and Bolivian immigrants) and the general commercial circuit. Of the total of 115 recorded antidiabetic species, 90 are visible (78.26 percent) and 25 invisible (21.73 percent). The large number of the marketed antidiabetic plants increases the choice of the population to combat one of the ailments characteristic of life in large metropolitan areas.
